Reported effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological status of emergency healthcare workers: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: While literature on psychological consequences among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) flourishes, understanding the psychological burden on this group is particularly crucial, as their exposure to COVID-19 makes them especially at high risk. We explored what is known about psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency HCWs. METHODS: We used a scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. RESULTS: The search identified 5432 articles, from which a total of 21 were included in the final review. Anxiety, burnout, depression, inadequate sleep, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, distress/stress and secondary trauma, were all reportedly experienced by emergency HCWs. Anxiety, burnout, depression and stress levels were higher among physicians and nurses compared to others. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were higher among reserve medics, while Red Cross volunteers developed similar reactions of psychological stress and secondary trauma to other healthcare workers. Male HCWs reported more post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms than females, while stress was higher among females than male HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency HCWs providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic are at risk from specific psychological impacts, including anxiety, burnout, depression, inadequate sleep, PTSD symptoms, psychological distress/stress and secondary trauma, and stress TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Emergency healthcare workers are at direct risk of psychological impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic.

A virtual educational environment to teach free swimming for children aged (4-5) years

The purpose of this paper isto interest in using modern methods in teaching swimming by guiding children to develop their perceptions and assimilate them with what the world deals with today, which is technological development. The problem came when the world went through the Corona pandemic, the two researchers sought ways and solutions to overcome the time the child spends at home and keep the child away from boredom in learning. Here came the idea of designing a virtual educational environment to teach free swimming to children aged (4-5) years who learn swimming.The two researchers used the experimental method with an experimental design with a pre-and post-test for equal groups (experimental and control) in order to suit the nature of the research. The research community was determined in a deliberate manner, represented by children from the age of (4-5) years with one age for the early childhood category, which numbered (10). Treating the results statistically, the two researchers concluded that there is a remarkable development in learning free-swimming quickly, which recommended that the two researchers take advantage of the child's ability to learn and invent new ways of learning, as well as the possibility of using this environment with the rest of the ages and stages in the learning process and the possibility of using it with the rest of the sports.

Climate Change Diplomacy, Adaptation, and Mitigation Strategies in South Asian Countries: A Critical Review

Climate diplomacy is the strategy and technique for building and implementing an international environmental framework, which is now one of the leading reasons for deprivation in the Bay of Bengal’s coastal belt. South Asia and the Bay of Bengal Coastal Region are among the highly endangered regions due to climate change impact and natural clamaties, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Southeast Asia will be one of the world’s most vulnerable regions to climate change unless countries make dramatic cuts in greenhouse gas pollution and ensuring to reduce the environmental degration. Global warming poses a threat to food security, hobbles economic growth, prompts political instability, and catalyzes pandemics like Covid-19 severity. The government and policy makers are trying to fix the climate issues and to develop some mitigation strategies but the initiatives are not working well. Because the initiatives are based on the belief that considerable ideological commitment is required at the international, regional, and county level in South Asian nations in order to further enhance awareness of environmental disruption and security and to obtain support for preventative measures. Climate change might have a significant influence in South Asia, and then it will affect regions in different ways depending on how it is perceived spatially and temporally. The region encompasses several different climatic conditions spread over a wide and diverse geographic area. Landscapes in the region include arid areas subject to severe droughts, low-lying coastal areas subject to flooding and coastal erosion, islands whose survival is challenged by the expected sea-level rise, tropical zones subject to increasingly frequent and devastating cyclones, and mountainous ranges affected by the melting of glaciers. Apart from taking early steps for climate change adaptation, South Asian country has enacted any laws or regulations to directly address climate change adaptation. Despite the considerable progress that the Government of Bangladesh and the Bangladeshi people have made, they face continuous challenges associated with climate change. Though the SAARC has taken several initiatives on regional cooperation in the areas relating to climate change that have a bearing on adaptation, India can still play a vital role to develop a smart policy for climate change adaptive capacity in South Asia. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Climate Change Impact and Comprehensive Disaster Management Approach in Bangladesh: A Review

Due to its geographical condition and geophysical location Bangladesh is one of the world’s most vulnerable country, which will become more vulnerable to the impact of climate change. According to the Global Climate Risk Index 2020 and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2011, Bangladesh is the seventh most climate change-affected nation in the world. This chapter elaborates on the possible impacts of climate change in Bangladesh through various natural disasters, i.e., increasing temperature, sea level rise, salinity intrusion, cyclone, storm surges, drought, etc. and also discusses the comprehensive disaster management approach in Bangladesh. It is now a worry in the scientific community that climate change could dramatically change weather patterns like the disease spread of epidemics (such as COVID-19) from vulnerable regions to invulnerable regions. All sectors will be affected by the impact of climate change, not only Bangladesh but also other South Asian countries. In Bangladesh, both the government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are trying to prevent and alter the impacts of climate change by enhancing several adaptation and mitigation approaches. But still, coastal districts and northern areas in Bangladesh are facing many climatic issues, such as flash floods, super cyclones, salinity intrusion, storm surges, drought and riverbank erosion etc. Moreover, the government is taking the immediate response of shifting people in a cyclone center at the moment of extreme natural events but most of the peoples of the coastal districts in Bangladesh are illiterate so that they very careless about the awareness. On the basis of current information, it is suggested that the government should make some policy in disaster management for a sustainable solution for coastal areas in Bangladesh. © 2021, SpringerNature Switzerland AG.